VPN services and providers: locations, measurements, prices

Every VPN provider in the archive on one page: find the ones that fit you, compare their locations, measurements, networks and prices, and follow every change to their lists.

The 13 providers list 1,675 locations in 177 countries. 6 of their lists mark virtual locations, and 10 publish server addresses that can be measured.¹

As of November 2, 2026.

Find a VPN that fits you

WhereA country you want and the provider does not mark its location there as virtual the provider's server list marks virtual locations Use it on

MoneyLowest price per month the price does not increase after the initial term a refund period of at least 30 days the pricing page names a free plan the pricing page mentions a free trial

Trust no advertising or analytics services on its own website based outside the Five, Nine, and Fourteen Eyes countries

Features stated by the provider² streaming ad and tracker blocker P2P / BitTorrent Tor over VPN 10 Gbit/s servers multi-hop port forwarding

13 of 13 providers meet this.

NordVPN

Countries: 150
Lowest price per month: $5.49
Per month after the initial term: $11.59
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: 10
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: not recorded
Owner: Nord Security
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV), Router
Features stated by the provider: ad and tracker blocker

Review NordVPN website

Proton VPN

Countries: 149
Lowest price per month: $3.49
Per month after the initial term: $6.99
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: 10
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: Switzerland
Owner: Proton Foundation (primary shareholder)
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV)
Features stated by the provider: free plan, streaming, ad and tracker blocker, P2P / BitTorrent, Tor over VPN, 10 Gbit/s servers, multi-hop

Review Proton VPN website

ExpressVPN

Countries: 113
Lowest price per month: not collected
Per month after the initial term: not collected
Money back: not recorded
Devices at the same time: not recorded
Provider website: 5 advertising or analytics services (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: not recorded
Owner: Kape Technologies
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Brave), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV), Router

Review ExpressVPN website

Private Internet Access

Countries: 113
Lowest price per month: $2.03
Per month after the initial term: $2.19
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: unlimited
Provider website: 4 advertising or analytics services (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: United States
Owner: Kape Technologies
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), TV (Android TV, Apple TV), Router
Features stated by the provider: streaming, 10 Gbit/s servers

Review Private Internet Access website

CyberGhost

Countries: 100
Lowest price per month: not collected
Per month after the initial term: not collected
Money back: not recorded
Devices at the same time: not recorded
Provider website: 7 advertising or analytics services (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: not recorded
Owner: Kape Technologies
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV), Router

Review CyberGhost website

Surfshark

Countries: 100
Lowest price per month: $2.49
Per month after the initial term: $8.25
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: unlimited
Provider website: 6 advertising or analytics services (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: Netherlands
Owner: merged with Nord Security under one holding company in 2022; both operate independently
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV), Router
Features stated by the provider: free trial, ad and tracker blocker, 10 Gbit/s servers, multi-hop

Review Surfshark website

Windscribe

Countries: 72
Lowest price per month: $5.75
Per month after the initial term: $5.75
Money back: not recorded
Devices at the same time: not recorded
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: yes
Based in: Canada
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), TV (Fire TV, Apple TV), Router
Features stated by the provider: free plan, ad and tracker blocker

Review Windscribe website

hide.me

Countries: 57
Lowest price per month: $2.33
Per month after the initial term: $2.33
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: 10
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: Malaysia
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), TV (Android TV, Fire TV, Apple TV), Router
Features stated by the provider: free plan, streaming, port forwarding

Review hide.me website

Mullvad

Countries: 50
Lowest price per month: €5.00
Per month after the initial term: not stated
Money back: 14 days
Devices at the same time: 5
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: Sweden
Owner: Amagicom AB
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Browser extension

Review Mullvad website

IVPN

Countries: 42
Lowest price per month: $5.00
Per month after the initial term: not stated
Money back: 30 days
Devices at the same time: 5–10
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: Gibraltar
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Router
Features stated by the provider: ad and tracker blocker, multi-hop

Review IVPN website

AzireVPN

Countries: 36
Lowest price per month: €3.75
Per month after the initial term: not stated
Money back: 7 days
Devices at the same time: not recorded
Provider website: no advertising or analytics (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: Sweden
Owner: Malwarebytes
Apps for: Windows, macOS, iPhone/iPad, Android, Router
Features stated by the provider: port forwarding

Review AzireVPN website

AirVPN

Countries: 23
Lowest price per month: not collected
Per month after the initial term: not collected
Money back: not recorded
Devices at the same time: not recorded
Provider website: The provider's website has not been checked.
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: not recorded
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, TV (Android TV, Fire TV), Router

Review AirVPN website

OVPN

Countries: 20
Lowest price per month: $4.22
Per month after the initial term: not stated
Money back: 10 days
Devices at the same time: 4–7
Provider website: 1 advertising or analytics service (requested from the United States)
List marks virtual locations: no such field in the list
Based in: not recorded
Apps for: Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone/iPad, Android, Router
Features stated by the provider: streaming, ad and tracker blocker, multi-hop, port forwarding

Review OVPN website

If the archive has no information for a criterion, the provider stays on the list with the note “Not known in the archive.” A provider is hidden only when the archive knows that it does not meet a criterion. The number next to an option shows how many providers stay on the list when you select it. If none stay, the providers missing the fewest criteria are shown. Prices are in each provider's own currency and, depending on the provider, with or without tax. The figure for a provider's own website comes from the country named with it. From another country, the page may load other services. Providers are ordered by number of countries. An affiliate link never affects the order.³⁴⁵

Compare VPNs

Coverage

countries with at least one location that is not marked as virtual
countries where all locations are marked as virtual
list has no marker

Provider	Countries	Countries not listed only as virtual⁶	Locations	Servers listed
NordVPN	150	55	226	5,380
Proton VPN	149	no information in the list	195	18,744
ExpressVPN	113	49	226	not stated
Private Internet Access	113	51	215	The list gives only one name per location or a changing sample. Neither is a number of servers.
CyberGhost	100	44	125	9,639
Surfshark	100	54	142	The list gives only one name per location or a changing sample. Neither is a number of servers.
Windscribe	72	71	199	356
hide.me	57	no information in the list	64	The list gives only one name per location or a changing sample. Neither is a number of servers.
Mullvad	50	no information in the list	91	523
IVPN	42	no information in the list	59	89
AzireVPN	36	no information in the list	62	The list gives only one name per location or a changing sample. Neither is a number of servers.
AirVPN	23	no information in the list	39	250
OVPN	20	no information in the list	32	96

Markers and measurements

matches the country
no conclusion possible
server outside the country

Provider	marked as virtual⁶	Measured⁷	matches the country	server outside the country
NordVPN	58 %	226	83	63
Proton VPN	no information in the list	not measurable	not measurable	not measurable
ExpressVPN	46 %	not measurable	not measurable	not measurable
Private Internet Access	44 %	215	100	42
CyberGhost	45 %	not measurable	not measurable	not measurable
Surfshark	33 %	142	67	17
Windscribe	2 %	199	138	2
hide.me	no information in the list	64	58	2
Mullvad	no information in the list	91	63	0
IVPN	no information in the list	59	47	0
AzireVPN	no information in the list	62	43	0
AirVPN	no information in the list	39	28	0
OVPN	no information in the list	32	24	0

Networks and intelligence alliances

Locations in shared networks
In Fourteen Eyes countries

Provider	Networks⁸	Locations in shared networks	In Fourteen Eyes countries⁹
NordVPN	15	73 %	41 %
Proton VPN	not measurable	not measurable	27 %
ExpressVPN	not measurable	not measurable	54 %
Private Internet Access	20	93 %	47 %
CyberGhost	not measurable	not measurable	31 %
Surfshark	19	53 %	39 %
Windscribe	58	74 %	53 %
hide.me	16	86 %	30 %
Mullvad	27	98 %	58 %
IVPN	22	95 %	53 %
AzireVPN	21	74 %	63 %
AirVPN	14	95 %	67 %
OVPN	7	94 %	75 %

The provider's own website

advertising, analytics, tag manager, session recording
other third-party services

Provider	Third-party services loaded⁴	Advertising or analytics services among them	Requested from
NordVPN	1	0	United States
Proton VPN	0	0	United States
ExpressVPN	13	5	United States
Private Internet Access	9	4	United States
CyberGhost	12	7	United States
Surfshark	8	6	United States
Windscribe	1	0	United States
hide.me	0	0	United States
Mullvad	0	0	United States
IVPN	0	0	United States
AzireVPN	0	0	United States
AirVPN	The provider's website has not been checked.
OVPN	4	1	United States

Terms and who is behind the provider

Provider	Money back³	Devices at the same time	Based in⁵	Owner
NordVPN	30 days	10		Nord Security
Proton VPN	30 days	10	Switzerland	Proton Foundation (primary shareholder)
ExpressVPN				Kape Technologies
Private Internet Access	30 days	unlimited	United States	Kape Technologies
CyberGhost				Kape Technologies
Surfshark	30 days	unlimited	Netherlands	merged with Nord Security under one holding company in 2022; both operate independently
Windscribe			Canada
hide.me	30 days	10	Malaysia
Mullvad	14 days	5	Sweden	Amagicom AB
IVPN	30 days	5–10	Gibraltar
AzireVPN	7 days		Sweden	Malwarebytes
AirVPN
OVPN	10 days	4–7

Features stated by providers²

Provider	Features stated by the provider
NordVPN	ad and tracker blocker
Proton VPN	free plan, streaming, ad and tracker blocker, P2P / BitTorrent, Tor over VPN, 10 Gbit/s servers, multi-hop
ExpressVPN	not recorded
Private Internet Access	streaming, 10 Gbit/s servers
CyberGhost	not recorded
Surfshark	free trial, ad and tracker blocker, 10 Gbit/s servers, multi-hop
Windscribe	free plan, ad and tracker blocker
hide.me	free plan, streaming, port forwarding
Mullvad	not recorded
IVPN	ad and tracker blocker, multi-hop
AzireVPN	port forwarding
AirVPN	not recorded
OVPN	streaming, ad and tracker blocker, multi-hop, port forwarding

Prices

Provider	Lowest price per month³	Per month after the initial term	Requested from
NordVPN	$5.49	$11.59	United States
Proton VPN	$3.49	$6.99	United States
ExpressVPN	not collected	not collected
Private Internet Access	$2.03	$2.19	United States
CyberGhost	not collected	not collected
Surfshark	$2.49	$8.25	United States
Windscribe	$5.75	$5.75	United States
hide.me	$2.33	$2.33	United States
Mullvad	€5.00	not stated	United States
IVPN	$5.00	not stated	United States
AzireVPN	€3.75	not stated	United States
AirVPN	not collected	not collected
OVPN	$4.22	not stated	United States

A dash means the list does not contain this information, or that it has not yet been collected or measured. “Servers listed” also shows a dash where the list gives only one name per location or a changing sample. Neither is a number of servers. The lowest price is the lowest monthly price a provider states on its pricing page for the initial term of a full plan. Free plans and plans for single locations do not count. Prices are in each provider's own currency and, depending on the provider, with or without tax. The provider's page says which.

Two providers side by side

Select a provider, then choose the provider to compare it with.

NordVPN vs

Proton VPN vs

ExpressVPN vs

Private Internet Access vs

CyberGhost vs

Surfshark vs

Windscribe vs

hide.me vs

Mullvad vs

IVPN vs

AzireVPN vs

AirVPN vs

OVPN vs

Networks

The published endpoints of 10 providers are in 131 networks. 43 of these networks host locations from more than one provider.

Network⁸	Registered in	Locations	Countries	Providers
M247 Europe SRL AS9009	Romania	160	42	Windscribe (31), Mullvad (27), AirVPN (20), IVPN (18), Surfshark (17), Private Internet Access (16), OVPN (14), NordVPN (13), hide.me (4)
Datacamp Limited AS212238	United Kingdom	369	139	NordVPN (153), Windscribe (57), Private Internet Access (54), Mullvad (44), Surfshark (34), hide.me (18), OVPN (8), IVPN (1)
Datacamp Limited AS60068	United Kingdom	83	36	IVPN (26), AzireVPN (19), hide.me (14), Surfshark (11), Windscribe (7), Mullvad (4), NordVPN (1), Private Internet Access (1)
tzulo, inc. AS11878	United States	49	2	Mullvad (15), Windscribe (14), AirVPN (8), IVPN (8), AzireVPN (4)
Host Universal Pty Ltd AS136557	Australia	18	3	Mullvad (6), Surfshark (6), NordVPN (4), AzireVPN (1), IVPN (1)
Clouvider Limited AS62240	United Kingdom	32	14	Private Internet Access (12), NordVPN (10), Surfshark (6), Windscribe (4)
Zenlayer Inc AS21859	United States	24	17	hide.me (14), Mullvad (6), Private Internet Access (2), Windscribe (2)
Realcloud OU AS206804	Estonia	14	7	Private Internet Access (5), Windscribe (5), IVPN (3), AirVPN (1)
Tech Futures Interactive Inc. AS394256	Canada	5	1	Mullvad (2), AirVPN (1), AzireVPN (1), IVPN (1)
Keminet SHPK AS197706	Albania	4	1	hide.me (1), Mullvad (1), Private Internet Access (1), Windscribe (1)
GSL Networks Pty LTD AS137409	Australia	107	51	Private Internet Access (90), NordVPN (10), Windscribe (7)
HostRoyale Technologies Pvt Ltd AS203020	India	20	10	Mullvad (12), Surfshark (6), NordVPN (2)
Hydra Communications Ltd AS25369	United Kingdom	12	4	NordVPN (6), Surfshark (5), Windscribe (1)
Latitude.sh AS396356	United States	10	4	Private Internet Access (8), NordVPN (1), Surfshark (1)
Glesys AB AS42708	Sweden	7	4	Private Internet Access (5), IVPN (1), OVPN (1)
AltusHost B.V. AS51430	Netherlands	4	3	hide.me (2), AirVPN (1), Windscribe (1)
Amanah Tech Inc. AS32489	Canada	3	1	AirVPN (1), IVPN (1), OVPN (1)
Trabia SRL AS43289	Moldova	3	1	hide.me (1), Private Internet Access (1), Windscribe (1)
Private Layer INC AS51852	Panama	3	1	IVPN (1), Mullvad (1), Windscribe (1)
HostRoyale Technologies Pvt Ltd AS207990	India	3	2	Mullvad (1), NordVPN (1), Surfshark (1)
Obehosting AB AS42675	Sweden	13	5	AzireVPN (7), OVPN (6)
Netrouting B.V. AS6206	Netherlands	9	6	AirVPN (5), AzireVPN (4)
Owl Limited AS43357	Vanuatu	8	5	Mullvad (6), AzireVPN (2)
5G NETWORK OPERATIONS PTY LTD AS133480	Australia	7	2	Windscribe (6), AirVPN (1)
Ryamer, LLC AS400587	United States	6	2	Windscribe (4), AzireVPN (2)
Interconnecx, LLC AS13737	United States	5	1	Windscribe (3), Surfshark (2)
Blix Solutions AS AS50304	Norway	5	3	Mullvad (3), AzireVPN (2)
Gigabit Hosting Sdn Bhd AS55720	Malaysia	4	3	IVPN (3), AirVPN (1)
HostRoyale Technologies Pvt Ltd AS39486	India	3	2	Surfshark (2), Mullvad (1)
UAB Bacloud AS61272	Lithuania	3	1	Private Internet Access (2), hide.me (1)
VeloxServ Communications Ltd AS3170	United Kingdom	2	1	AzireVPN (1), Mullvad (1)
SERVER.UA LLC AS3236	Ukraine	2	1	AzireVPN (1), IVPN (1)
Owl Limited AS23959	Vanuatu	2	1	AzireVPN (1), Mullvad (1)
Rachamim Aviel Twito AS35758	Israel	2	1	IVPN (1), Windscribe (1)
Global Layer B.V. AS49453	Netherlands	2	2	AirVPN (1), Surfshark (1)
CREANOVA-AS AS51765	Finland	2	1	IVPN (1), Mullvad (1)
SIA RixHost AS52048	Latvia	2	1	AirVPN (1), Windscribe (1)
Orion Network Limited AS58065	United Kingdom	2	2	Private Internet Access (1), Windscribe (1)
Dedicated.com AS63018	United States	2	2	AirVPN (1), AzireVPN (1)
Artnet Sp. z o.o. AS197155	Poland	2	1	Surfshark (1), Windscribe (1)
FlokiNET ehf AS200651	Iceland	2	1	IVPN (1), Windscribe (1)
TELEKS DOOEL Skopje AS205119	North Macedonia	2	1	Private Internet Access (1), Windscribe (1)
QNAX LTDA AS268581	Brazil	2	1	IVPN (1), Windscribe (1)

Changes

The 20 latest changes. The feed lists every change of the last 90 days.¹⁰ RSS feed for changes

Date	Provider	Change	Location / Plan
Nov 2, 2026	hide.me	Network changed: AS60068 → AS212238	fr-v4
Nov 2, 2026	hide.me	Network changed: AS33387 → AS34927	free-us-v4
Nov 2, 2026	hide.me	Network changed: AS21859 → AS60068	my-v4
Nov 2, 2026	hide.me	Network changed: AS46475 → AS212238	us-v4
Nov 2, 2026	Mullvad	Network changed: AS39351, AS43357, AS203020, AS212238 → AS39351, AS43357, AS212238	nl-ams
Nov 2, 2026	Private Internet Access	Network changed: AS174, AS9009 → AS9009	ca
Nov 2, 2026	Private Internet Access	Network changed: AS212238 → AS3257, AS212238	nl_amsterdam
Nov 2, 2026	Private Internet Access	Network changed: AS174, AS4213 → AS4213, AS212238	us-newjersey
Nov 2, 2026	Private Internet Access	Network changed: AS174, AS4213 → AS174, AS4213, AS60068	us_california
Nov 2, 2026	Private Internet Access	Network changed: AS212238 → AS206092, AS212238	us_washington_dc
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS136557, AS209854 → AS136557, AS212238	au-mel
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS136557 → AS136557, AS209854	au-per
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS9009, AS60068 → AS9009	bg-sof
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS212238 → AS209854	ca-van
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS212238 → AS25369	ch-zur
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS9009, AS60068 → AS9009, AS212238	de-fra
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS60068 → AS9009	es-mad
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS203020 → AS212238	fr-mrs
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS212238 → AS209854, AS212238	hk-hkg
Nov 2, 2026	Surfshark	Network changed: AS9009, AS212238 → AS212238	ie-dub

Guides for this page

Level 0 · BasicsWhat is a VPN? Meaning, how it works, and what it hides

Level 0 · BasicsDo you need a VPN? Advantages and disadvantages

Level 0 · BasicsIs it legal to use a VPN?

Level 0 · BasicsIs a free VPN safe? Free plans, trials, and refunds

Level 0 · BasicsVPN vs proxy: what is the difference?

Level 1 · First stepsHow to choose your first VPN: 7 points to check before buying

Level 1 · First stepsHow to use a VPN: set it up and connect, step by step

Level 1 · First stepsHow much does a VPN cost per month? Prices explained

Level 1 · First stepsVPN apps for iPhone, Android, PC, Mac, TV, and router

Level 2 · Know your providerWhat is a virtual VPN location? When the server is elsewhere

Level 2 · Know your providerHow to read a VPN review on this site

Level 2 · Know your providerVPN features explained: kill switch, split tunneling, multi-hop

Level 3 · How it worksVPN protocols: WireGuard, OpenVPN, and what they change

Level 3 · How it worksVPN tunnel and encryption: what is protected and what is not

Level 3 · How it worksThe networks behind VPN servers

Level 4 · ExpertHow latency reveals where a VPN server really is

Level 4 · ExpertReading measurement evidence: probes, limits, and open results

Level 4 · ExpertVPN server lists as data: what providers publish

Level 4 · ExpertThe real cost of a VPN over three years

Level 4 · ExpertAudits and no-logs claims: what they can and cannot prove

Questions about choosing a VPN

Which VPN is the best and most recommended?

There is no single best VPN for everyone, and the most popular names are not automatically the right fit. It depends on the countries you need, your budget, and how much you care about privacy. The finder above shows which of the 13 providers in this archive meet the criteria you pick. They are ordered by number of countries; an affiliate link never changes the order.

Compare VPN providers

Which VPN is the most trustworthy?

Trust cannot be measured directly, so this site shows signs you can check. Home pages without advertising or analytics services: 7 of 12. Server lists that mark virtual locations: 6 of 13. Providers based outside the Five, Nine, and Fourteen Eyes countries: 2 of the 8 with a known company seat. Published audits recorded so far: 6; for the other providers, audits are not recorded yet.

Which VPN is best for streaming or torrenting?

Streaming and P2P support appear here only as the providers state them. Pricing pages that name streaming: 4. Pricing pages that name P2P: 1. This site does not test whether a streaming service works through a VPN.

Geoblocking explained: why websites answer differently by country

A VPN in brief

VPN stands for virtual private network. A VPN routes your traffic through one of the provider’s servers and encrypts it on the way there.

A VPN does not make you anonymous. Cookies, logins, and browser fingerprints continue to work as before.

The full explanation: What is a VPN? Meaning, how it works, and what it hides.

With and without a VPN

Without VPN

Your device
Internet providersees which sites you open
Websitesees your IP address

With VPN

Your device
Internet providersees only an encrypted connection to the VPN
VPN serversees which sites you open
Websitesees the VPN server's address

encrypted by the VPN not encrypted by the VPN

What are the pros and cons of a VPN?

Advantages	Disadvantages
Websites you visit see the VPN server's address instead of yours.	You now trust the VPN provider instead of your internet provider.
Your internet provider and the Wi-Fi operator see only the encrypted connection to the VPN.	A country in the list does not always mean the server is there. Countries listed only as virtual
Traffic is protected on open or untrusted networks.	Longer routes can reduce speed and increase latency.
Services that are not available in your country may become accessible.	Some services block known VPN addresses.
This applies to every app on the device, not just the browser.	With some providers, low prices during the initial term are followed by higher renewal prices. Stated prices by provider

Do you need a VPN? Advantages and disadvantages

Data notes

Locations, countries, cities, and the number of endpoints come from the provider's own public server list. It is read several times a day and shown as listed.
Features are based on what the provider explicitly states on its pricing or server page. None of these features is tested here, and a feature that is not listed may still exist.
The prices are those stated on the provider's pricing page for the listed country. The last column is calculated from them: it compares the monthly renewal price with the monthly price during the initial term, including bonus time.
A browser opens the provider's home page as a first-time visitor from the listed country and clicks nothing. Every other company the page contacts while loading is listed.
Company, seat, owner, and audits are checked manually on the provider's or owner's own pages. If nothing can be confirmed there, the field is left blank.
“Marked as virtual” reflects what the provider's own list says. A dash means the list has no field for it. That says nothing about whether the provider has virtual locations.
The status comes from a latency check of one published server endpoint per location. “Matches the country” means that no reply ruled out the listed country and one reply placed the server near it. This does not prove that the server is located there. “Pending” means not yet measured.
Network: the operator that announces the endpoint's address on the internet. The listed country is where the network is registered, not where a server is located.
Five, Nine, and Fourteen Eyes are counted using the countries commonly named as members. The count uses the country a location is listed under, not where the provider is based.
A change is a difference between two consecutive readings of a provider's list or pricing page. It is recorded with the time of the later reading.

All data notes